The classic pathway of the complement system is activated mainly by immune complexes. The rheumatic diseases observed in patients with a complement deficiency may be the consequence of an altered humoral immunity since this system is important to generate and express an adequate antibody-mediated response. It is also partially required for tolerance induction. Rheumatic and autoimmune manifestations frequently occur in patients with deficiencies in C1q and C3. Furthermore, some rheumatic disorders may be the consequence of an altered immune response to recurrent or chronic viral infections.
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