Congenital disorders of cranial innervation are a group of disorders resulting from alterations in the development of the nervous system at the brainstem or cranial level. In the majority, there is a known genetic cause. Several of them are associated with various systemic alterations.
The main congenital disorders due to cranial denervation are:
- Duane syndrome.
- Moebius syndrome.
- Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles.
- Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis.