Dilated cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart failure and heart transplantation. Sometimes it is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined as systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (or biventricular) together with dilation that is not explained by abnormal loading conditions (valvulopathies, arterial hypertension, congenital heart disease) or an underlying coronary artery (PMID: 26792875). In addition, there are other conditions related to dilated cardiomyopathy, such as hypokinetic cardiomyopathy (dysfunction without ventricular dilation), myocardial non-compaction (PMID: 34838455) or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left involvement, which have been included under the term “left cardiomyopathy without dilation” in the new European guidelines. This broad definition and spectrum of diseases make left cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypokinetic, with or without enhancement, and with or without ventricular hypertrabeculation) a group of diseases with similar clinical manifestations but with very diverse causes in which genetics plays a key role, not only in the etiological definition of each case but also in a more exact knowledge of the prognosis that ultimately allows for more individualized management of patients with this disease.
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