Alveolar proteinosis is characterized by the buildup of lipoprotein material inside alveoli, with pulmonary infiltration and respiratory failure. In cases of inherited origin, mutations have been identified in various genes. The congenital form is associated with mutations in the genes related with surfactant metabolism (SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3, NKX2-1, MARS, and SLC7A7),while in the infant non-neonate forms and in hereditary forms in adults, mutations in regulator genes of the granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF2RA and CSF2RB) have been described.
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